Ethical Dilemma- Analysis of the News Term Paper

Ethical Dilemma- Analysis of the News - Term Paper Example As discussed above, the primary ethical decision maker or EDM is Apple Inc., and the ethical dilemma concerns the plight of the workers in the subcontracting firms who manufacture Apple products such as the iPhone, Worker welfare is weighed against the benefits to the American and global consumer of the computing products themselves, and the value of Apple’s economic activity to the American and global economy. The dilemma springs from issues relating to worker welfare, including low wages, the repetitive nature of the work, long work hours, and low wages. The confluence of these and other factors drive workers to take their own lives. In Cooper (2013) we get a sense of the gravity of the condition from the presence of nets around the iPhone manufacturing facilities to prevent more workers from jumping to their deaths. This is in stark contrast to the large profits that Apple makes and the large market capitalization of the firm due to that. Because Apple is rewarded for profi ts and for great products, Apple has every incentive to keep costs down, and that drive to depress costs lead to subcontractors depressing wages and other worker-related costs on the other end. These are conflicting interests that are stacked against workers and their interests, especially considering that workers have little by way of leverage in the entire process. The supply of workers is large, relative to demand, and so Apple subcontractors are able to dictate wages and living conditions in the shops. Subcontractors in turn are pressured to depress wages in order to make margins out of low contract bids. In a most general sense, the entire market is involved, because market forces that have contributed to this state of affairs where workers are awarded the least wages possible to squeeze maximum profits from their efforts (Johnson, 2011). B. Possible Alternative Courses of Action In a perfect world Apple will settle for lower profit margins for their products and lower profits all in all in exchange for fairer wages for workers and higher costs for producing their products. Ideally, this translates to subcontractors being able to pay their workers higher wages, and secure better working conditions for them all in all, by being able to bid for the manufacturing work at higher overall bid prices. This translates to the

Managerial Finance Closing Essay Example for Free

Managerial Finance Closing Essay The company announces that it is not expanding, what do you think will happen to the price of the bonds? What will happen to the price of the bonds if the company does expand? I believe if the company announces that it is not expanding then the prices of the bonds would not change, however if the company decides to expand then the prices of the bonds would increase due to the increase in the value of the company and the return would be greater. 5. If the company opts not to expand, what are the implications for the companies future borrowing needs? What are the implications if the company does expand? If the company decides not to expand, I do not believe that the implication for the companies future borrowing needs would differ too much from if they decided to expand. However one variation is if the company decides to expand they will receive more equity as shown above by the calculations. If the company has an increase of equity, they have the opportunity for an increase of borrowing, if they needed. However, if the company opts not to expand, they can still borrow in the future, however, their equity will remain the same, which would give them less variation in regards to borrowing. 6. Because of the bond covenant, the expansion would have to be financed with equity. How would it affect your answer if the expansion were financed with cash on hand instead of new equity? From my perspective, I do not see an issue with the expansion being financed with equity rather than â€Å"cash on hand†. I believe it would be an easier wait to keep track of the finances. I thought the primary reason some companies use equity to finance new projects is because they do not have the â€Å"cash on hand† to begin with, and although they have equity, it would be far too much trouble to convert it over to cash. So, they would rather use equity to finance.

Analysis of The Bull Moose :: Bull Moose Essays

Analysis of The Bull Moose "The Bull Moose" by Alden Nowlan is a finely crafted poem which reminds us of how far man has strayed from Nature. Through a carefully constructed series of contrasted images, Nowlan laments, in true Romantic fashion, man's separation from Nature. The strength of the old moose is impressive. On his death march, he nonetheless comes "lurching" and "stumbling" in ponderous and powerful strides to "the pole-fenced pasture''- the edge of civilization. A crowd quickly gathers, a crowd of men and women, old and young - all notable for their insensitivity and lack of respect. They confuse the moose with one of their own domesticated animals, like the cattle or collie or gelded moose or ox, failing to see the nobility and ancient wisdom of this moose from "the purple mist of trees." The scene becomes obscene as men "pry open his jaws with bottles" and "pour beer down his throat." The symbolic crown of thistles hammers home the innocent suffering perpetrated by these giggling and snickering buffoons. But this moose is no "shaggy and cuddlesome" doll. Living in freedom beyond the fences of civilization, this king of the spruce, cedar, and tamarack meets his degraded executioners with overwhelming power. The deep roar of this magnificently horned ancient "blood god" contrasts sharply with the puny and cowardly whine of the automobile horns. Nowlan's sympathy for the moose and his disgust for mankind is forcefully expressed in a natural free verse. This poem calls us to rethink the arrogant self-righteousness we hold toward Nature. By fencing ourselves in, perhaps we shut ourselves away from those qualities necessary to make us truly human. Teachers Comments: This essays strives to be concise, i.

Programming – Example of a Selection Structure

Introduction:The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple example of a selection structure that is contained as part of the Programming Solution Proposal I am developing throughout the course of this programming class. The selection structure I chose to make an example of isn’t really inclusive as part of my original programming proposal due in week 5, however, I devised a very simple â€Å"If-Then-Else† structure that uses somewhat of the same information and calculation as what I may use in my final proposal. I’ve written the pseudocode for a section that at this time appears to make sense to use, given the selection structure I chose, and I also paralleled that with a Visual Logic com/cards/">flowchart. The visual logic flowchart was executed correctly with specific values that are to be used in order for others to properly test it. These values will change as the program gets fine-tuned, however, for now there are specific values that must be used to obta in the correct percentages. Purpose of the structureThe reason I chose the â€Å"If-Then-Else† structure is because it seemed to make the most sense for my program and it didn’t appear to be too complicated a structure to master. Even though this structure may not be included as part of my final proposal paper, I thought it would be good to work with and verify if I could somehow make it work. The program I’ll ultimately be creating is one where seasonal stats will be entered in by an assistant coach, for athletes on any given basketball team.Through this they will be able to determine a players overall field goal average, free throw percentage, rebound average, etc. However, for now, I’ve decided to simply use an If-Then-Else structure that displays a friendly output message of what the user might see if he/she entered their â€Å"field goals attempted†Ã‚  value and â€Å"field goals made† value. The pseudocode for the If-Then-Else structur eAgain, I must reiterate, that the selection structure I chose to use may not be part of my final proposal paper, however, the pseudocode that is displayed below is a simple and short example of how I used the information for my original proposal, using the If-Then-Else structure: Write â€Å"Enter amount of field goals attempted: â€Å"Input FGA Write â€Å"Enter amount of field goals made: † Input FGM Set Average = FGM / FGA If Average => 50 Then Set FieldGoalAverage = Average Write â€Å"Your field goal average is: † + FieldGoalAverage + â€Å"%† Else Write â€Å"Your field goal average is: † + FieldGoalAverage + â€Å"%† Write â€Å"You need to work on your shooting game!† End IfVisual Logic flowchart The Visual Logic flowchart I put together, which parallels the pseudocode above, has been executed successfully. The field goal average in this VL example is calculated using the following values: FieldGoalAttempts (FGsAttempted): 5000 FieldGoalsMade (FGsMade): 50 The values for the variables above test the ‘True’ decision statement. Entering the following values below execute and test the ‘False’ decision statement: FieldGoalAttempts (FGsAttempted): 2000FieldGoalsMade (FGsMade): 50 The .vls file has been uploaded as a separate attachment in the Assignments tab of the UoP Student website.

Butterfly Ballot’s Case

In general, ballot devices are used by the voters to record their choice of a leader. The ballot devices are placed in a polling station so that the voters can have the complete privacy for casting his or her vote without any disturbance. Initially the ballot papers were used by the voters during the elections that were conducted in Rome 139 BC. On the other hand, in North America the first time these paper ballots were used in the elections of 1629. The elections were conducted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in order to select a new minister for the Salem Church.Another approach for the elections was used, the secret ballot. This method was first used in Australia in the early 1850s. The design of a ballot can assist or restrain precision in the elections. Poor or weak designs can result in misunderstanding and a certain level of chaos among the voting process in case a large quaintly of constituency members messes up or mismark a ballot. During the United States Presidential elect ions in the year of 2000, another new approach known as the confusing ballot or the butterfly ballot was utilized (Marcia Lausen, 2007).Butterfly Ballots: Before going into details of a butterfly ballot, it would be more appropriate to discuss briefly about ballots in common and particularly about the punch cards. As discussed earlier, ballot is a device or may be a system which is used by the voters to cast their vote in the favor of a particular person in the elections. Mostly, people have been bringing into play paper ballots of a range of varieties for reasonably a long time. Somewhere in the mid of the twentieth century, the punch card ballots were invented.A punch card ballots registers applicants and publishes with subsequent numbered symbols. With a use of a stylus, a hole is punched into the card all the way through the mark that is embedded on the card. This is how a punch card is used to cast a vote. A category of a punch card is known as the butterfly ballot. (Lausen, Ma rcia. 2007) The butterfly ballots are structured in a way that the candidates and the issues are published on both of the sides of the card. In the middle of the card, there is a single line which contains the numbered marks.In order to cast the vote, either of the corresponding mark of the candidate is punched. Now the issue with this kind of confusing design can be that in case if a voter is in a hurry or he is with a poor vision, the casted vote can be wasted or not counted due to any error in the punching. The subject of Butterfly ballot has been an intense issue is the past few years. This intense issue took place back in the year of 2000 in United States. The issue revolved around the elections that took place in Florida using the butterfly ballot.The main area of focus in this issue was the outcome that was determined using butterfly ballots i. e. the recent Presidential elections of that year along with the extensive accusations of mismarked secret ballots (Daniel H. Pink, 2 006). Structure of a Butterfly Ballot: The well-known butterfly ballot from Florida marked two sheets of Presidential nominees. The superior applicant on the initial page was Republican, and then came in the Democratic, most important individuals to consider that the equivalent subsequent hole must be utilized to mark your ballot for the Democrat.In actual fact, the subsequent hole matched up to a Reform gathering applicant (Pat Buchanan), who escorted the listing on the following page of the secret ballot. As an end result, a lot of individuals selected and marked for the incorrect candidate by mistake, or happening to punch and then comprehended their blunder, creating grounds for a dimpled vote or lynching chads which resulted in counting ballots easier said than done, in view of the fact that the purpose of the person on the electoral roll was not comprehensible (Matthew Justin Streb, 2008). The Florida Controversy:One of the major primary focuses of the Florida controversy is t he Palm Beach Country. In 1996, during the month of November, on 9th of the month, Thursday, a number of investigators from the camp of bush were of an impression that approximately a total of sixteen thousand (16,000) voters offensively and inappropriately casted their votes and punched their ballots. Later on the ballots were declined and canceled by the district officials. Later on similarly in the year of 2000, a calculated estimation of about nineteen thousand (19,000) voters punched their votes in a wrong manner (Keith Lewis Topper, 2005).According to the camp of Bush, there wasn’t s single authority that could have challenged the elections and the kind of ballots that were used in the voting of 1996. Even the format of ballots and elections of the year 2000 were not challenged by any official or any individual. They also claim that the self-governing commissioner signed off on the 2000 ballot. This practice is to some extent partially incorrect. A large quantity of ele ctorates articulated their apprehensions with the ballot of the year 2000. Election bureaucrats in point of fact disseminated a â€Å"word of warning† soon after that in the day.If we go years back, almost to the 1980s, in 1984, a similar dispute was brought up. According to some federal review, the system was reported to be defective and damaged in 1988. Considering all these issues that happened in the past with respect to the voting, on single question that still makes the nation think is that how is possible for a huge amount of people, approximately 35,000, to make the same illegal mistake of casting unauthorized votes and are left without even by the check of an official. The unusual design of the butterfly ballot came in with a number of controversies.Characteristically, a particular side of a punch card ballot includes together the applicants and concerns to be designated on and the openings for punching. In the circumstances of the butterfly ballot, the contenders we re stretched out transversely on two pages, and the openings for punching were centered in the center of the two page stretch. In speculation, arrows were theoretical to spot from each and every applicant to the equivalent opening which required being distinct, but small misfortunes of wrong or missed registrations possibly will reason the pointers to be not in proper alignment.This made the entire situation a challenging one in order to determine which the correct hole to be punched was. In Florida, butterfly ballots were not utilized from corner to corner of the state, and numerous detractors experientially said that they were exploited in conventionally Democratic areas, reasoning the determination outcome to be twisted, as Democratic electorates were nominated for the Reform applicant to a certain extent than the Democrat they considered they were choosing for.In view of the fact that the outline of the butterfly ballot privileged the Republican contender for President, lots of citizens pointed the finger at State of Florida of challenging to manipulate the ballot vote’s consequences. Whether or not these allegations were accurate is still to be resolute, the drawing has not been extensively employed ever since, as it was obviously too puzzling for supporters; countless districts also changed to electronic selection equipment, moderately than punch card ballots (James T. Patterson, 2005).The Consequences of the Butterfly Ballot Case: In Palm Beach Florida a lot of Democrats protested concerning the butterfly ballot being unsuitable and puzzling they accumulated a lawful confrontation in opposition to the outcome of 2000 US Presidential voting. Several of the Democrats incorrectly designated for Reformist Pat Buchanan when they proposed to choose for Democrat Al Gore because of the baffling drawing of the ballot document, lots of blemished the ballot paper even as properly casting their vote or exhausted their ballot.Democrats discovered out Gore mis placed 6,607 ballots when electorates stroked other than one person's name on the county's butterfly ballot. Astonishingly there was a huge quantity of ballots in support of Reformist Pat Buchanan. One more portion of disapproval from the Democrats was the secret ballot was created by Theresa LePore, who was as well administering the voting for Palm Beach County. The arrangement was just employed in the Palm Beach region and merely for Election Day election for President (Allan J. Lichtman, 2008). A number of voters for Gore voted for Pat Buchanan.This error was one of the major reasons for the success of President Bush by just a small margin. Even though registering a number of cases against this ballot by the Al Gore camp, they lost all the trials and were not able to prove that the election was an illegal one. After all this the Supreme Court sent out a numerous decisions saying that even if the election that took place was illegal, a new election cannot be proposed to take place in any case. This remark was given by considering the fact that there is no such rule or authority to any country to conduct one election after another.On the other hand, when this case was taken to the high court, an entirely opposite approach came in the view. This approach stated towards the case declining to remark on whether a revote may possibly be prearranged for the presidential determinations releasing the case on the justifications that the butterfly ballot was in considerable fulfillment with Florida’s Law. The superior obstacle further complicated to conquer for the judges was that presently there was no obvious preparation accessible intended for such circumstances even though if it accomplished that the poll was the rationale for bewilderment among the constituency.As a result of the erroneous design of the butterfly ballot, it was impossible to decide that who actually won the elections of the year 2000. In order to open the Pandora’s Box of election ch allenges there were reasons other than the unchangeable result of the elections that was caused by a simple confusing design of a ballot paper. The other major reason to open the Box was that there was no dependable technique of shaping any rational time limit for deciding on Florida’s member of the electorates the authentic intents of these supporters (J. David Woodard, 2006).Although the case of butterfly ballot was concluded without any treat to the camp of Gore, which indeed presented this case in a strict and legal manner. A certain amount of disappointment arose in the supporters of Gore, who went to the polling station with the intention to vote Gore and then fell victim to a simple design fault. They all were disheartened for the reason that the votes that they casted for Gore were never bothered to be registered. All this disappointment has always been an emotional state for the argument of Al Gore that in reality he really would have won the state of Florida.On the other hand the bush’s followers laid the blame on the Democrats of building political affairs elsewhere of election outcomes they didn't be fond of, cautioning the Democrats that if they required to turn over the early vote in Florida there were ample of new locations in the region of the nation now supporting Al Gore where parallel oppositions possibly will be elevated. Bush’s camp was not speeding up into objects as Al Gore camp supporters; they would declare themselves the victors on the foundation of the repeated recount and remain waiting the countdown did not ended.Later on, the supporters of Bush as well released doubts about the self-styled â€Å"butterfly ballot† in Palm Beach County, in which applicant’s given names became visible on whichever area of the ballot vote sheet, with holes representing hold up for them successively down the middle. Bush’s Camp stumbled off a listing of states and regions in the order of the country where they supposed consequences at present supporting Al Gore could still be terrified release to inquiry. The Bush camp talked about the sealed presidential outcomes in Iowa, Wisconsin and New Mexico.They as well said that truant votes still being calculated in a lot of divisions of the country could constrict the edge by which Al Gore is at present captivating the general accepted vote. The outline of the meeting by the Bush camp hoisted doubts of conflicts of abrasion in which the election procedure which was previously a cliffhanger with no convinced consequences could go on and on and weaken self-confidence in the entire progression. The New York Daily News gave a statement on November 1 that the Bush camp was building tactics to take control of the November 7th voting.Bush’s assistants were organizing to commence an anti-constitutional attempt to knock over Al Gore’s conquest if Bush accomplished something in winning the accepted vote (Benjamin E. Griffith, 2008). Conclusi on: The cause there were 35,000 canceled ballets and not a particular criticism is that electorate were uninformed they had created a mistake As a number of citizens take part in an election merely one time every four years, the need of knowledge with the process work to add to the fringe of mistake.The Supreme Court detained that the Florida Supreme Court's preparation for unfolding votes was illegal, as well as a 5-4 choice that ruined the Florida recount and permitted Florida to confirm its ballots. References Lausen, Marcia. 2007. Design for Democracy: Ballot and Election Design. Published by University of Chicago Press Pink, Daniel H. 2006. A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future. Published by Riverhead Books Streb, Matthew Justin. 2008. Rethinking American Electoral Democracy. Published by Taylor & Francis Topper, Keith Lewis. 2005.The Disorder of Political Inquiry. Published by Harvard University Press Patterson, James T. 2005. Restless Giant: The United Sta tes from Watergate To Bush V. Gore. Published by Oxford University Press US Lichtman, Allan J. 2008. The Keys to the White House: A Surefire Guide to Predicting the Next President. Published by Rowman & Littlefield Woodard, J. David. 2006. The America that Reagan Built. Published by Greenwood Publishing Group Griffith, Benjamin E. 2008. America Votes! A Guide to Modern Election Law and Voting Rights. Published by American Bar Association

Ethics and Leadership in the Medical Device Industry †Ethics Essay

Ethics and Leadership in the Medical Device Industry – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers Ethics and Leadership in the Medical Device Industry Introduction Ethics Essay Medical research is necessary to develop and discover innovative therapies and cures. Ideas quickly move from basic science studies in the lab into experiments with animals and finally to trials with humans. Government policies along with internal institutional processes have been developed to ensure the ethical, responsible conduct of research. These policies were created to ensure that human subjects were shielded from unnecessary risk. In recent years, ethical questions have emerged in these areas. A governing principle is that research must be performed without any financial conflict of interest. Is it possible to exclude money from the research field? Is there a correlation between physicians and research companies and where in this field is there a role for vendors promoting products? Should doctors be banned from accepting any forms of payment from medical research companies? The objective of this literature review is to present an overview of literature related to the relationships of physicians, medical research companies and the United States government. After reading this review, the reader may wonder if physicians and leaders in the medical device industry are compromising the health of the public and if so, at what cost? Discussion of Literature Sanders, Kleim, Sklar (1996) state that the goal of medical research is to serve the public through improvements in diagnosis and treatment and to protect the public from unnecessary risk. The health of patients should not be compromised by the profit of companies. Charles Epps (2003) adds that the medical research community, which includes experts in science and technology, physicians and health workers and public policy makers, must strive to find a balance between patient safety and innovation. Daniel Rosenberg (2005) tells of the desire to make a profit cannot surpass the needs of the humans the products were made to enhance. In many companies quandaries about questionable situations now can be taken to ethics officers. Edward Lim (1999) argues in the defense of Ethics programs that came into vogue in the 1980’s. These programs were in response to well-publicized procurement fraud in the defense industry. In 1991, The United States established federal sentencing guidelines for organizations involved in the medical research industry. Charles Epps (2003) discusses the measures put in place by the government to punish those companies whose employees were engaged in wrongdoing. An organization can be fined up to $290 million and individuals can be imprisoned for their actions. John Lenzer (2004) states in his findings that company executives can also be charged if they were aware of fraud or negligent acts. On the other hand, fines can be reduced up to sixty percent if the company instituted an effective ethics program prior to the offense. Martha Lagace and Glenn Reicin (2003) point out the enormous difference between having a written code of ethics and running a fully functional ethics and compliance program in an organization. The federal guidelines have an expectation that every organization have a serious, ethics and compliance program. Advamed (2001) affirms that an ethics program should have these three parts. An ethics officer who has authority, a written code of conduct and an employee training program. In a further study of the Advamed program, Daniel Rosenberg (2005) states that nearly one-third of businesses in the United States operate ethics and compliance programs that meet these requirements, including medical device manufacturers Zimmer, DePuy, Biomet and Medtronic. There are many areas a solid ethics program must cover. These include: acts of dishonesty, sexual harassment, discrimination, and environmental policies. Businesses may want to seek guidance in developing an effective program from the Ethics Officer Association in Belmont, MA. The biggest growth in developing ethics and compliance programs is in the health-care sector, says Amanda Mujica, director of communications for the organization. â€Å"Good ethics is good business,† says Blair Childs, executive vice president of AdvaMed (2005). To further quote Mr. Childs, â€Å"It is not only good business for industry in terms of how it is viewed by the public, but also because it is the way responsible companies behave and want to behave.† Arthur Ciarkowski (2002) argues that ethics programs are increasingly values-based rather than simply adhering to the letter of the law. â€Å"Ethics officers teach employees not only whats legal, but whats right. Most of us know the difference between wrong and right, but some situations arent quite so clear-cut. For example, if an engineer is visiting a client who offers to let him inspect the design of a competitors device, is it ethical for the engineer to do so? In a study preformed by Aronoff and Associates (2002) Creating and implementing an ethics program can be costly. It can range from about $250,000 to over $1 million depending on the number of employees who will be trained. Can a business really afford not to have a program in place? Compare running a business to owning a house. An individual wouldnt, or at least shouldnt, own a house without having fire insurance. â€Å"A mature ethics and compliance program is your insurance in case one of your employees or leaders should spark trouble. Ethical decisions of leaders and physicians: I think most companies, as they think through their codes of conduct, have to make sure that marketing and research development departments are not providing direct sales inducements. Arthur Sanders, Samuel Keim and David Sklar, (1996) presented the following (true) cases during a symposium to the Biomedical Industry. Do these sound like examples of medical research or kickbacks? In case one, a doctor performs an orthopedic implant. The implant manufacturer asks the doctor to fill out a questionnaire six months later in order to monitor how the patient is doing. The manufacturer says it wants to learn about implant performance and patient mobility. In return, the doctor will get a check in the mail for $1,000. The amount of time necessary to fill out the questionnaire was fifteen minutes. In case two, a doctor gets paid more than $1 million annually to supervise other physicians on how to perform minimally invasive hip surgery. The surgery he proctors only uses one company’s implants. In case three, an orthopedics medical practice wants to expand in order to conduct research. It wants to hire a researcher so it establishes a non-profit foundation to fund a research fellowship. A medical devices company sponsors the fellowship; the researcher uses only the products supplied by one medical device company. Stacy Bell (1998) notes that medical device companies offer cash, vacation and incentive-driven surgeries to entice physicians to use their products exclusively. When a physician or group of physicians are loyal to one brand, the company can feel confident that this will lead to an increase in sales from that individual doctor over time. Financial Rewards Daniel Rosenberg (2005) discusses a shifting of funds from the pharmacy sector to medical devices is evident. Just a few years ago, there was a trillion dollars in market capitalization in the domestic pharmacy sector and only $300 million or so in the medical device sector. More recently, however, investors have been concluding that the drug business is riskier than the franchise model of medical devices because drug patents eventually expire. In comparison, medical devices have very quick product cycles, generally twelve to eighteen months, but device companies develop lasting relationships with their customers and create sustainable franchises that allow growth within an existing customer base. During a panel forum at the Medical Leadership Forum, (2002) A discussion revolved around the great advances in medical technology. The most promising advances include drug-eluting stents for heart care, minimally invasive hip replacement and, for chronic and degenerative back problems, artificial carbon fiber disks will soon be ‘Food and Drug Administration† (FDA) approved, but the relative returns of medical devices still show room for marginal improvement. During the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons meeting (2004) Theâ€Å"only† message from many leaders of device companies is that medical devices are expected to continue to show improving financial returns. The company leaders never mentioned the dramatic effect an implant may have of a life, the message delivered was detailed, but only with expected profits. John Lenzer (2004) questions the percentage of profits that are set aside for every new implant that is brought to market, for law suits. Raymond Holgram (2002) comments that with Daniel Troy, chief counsel to the US Food and Drug Administration, being under fire for inviting device companies to inform him of lawsuits against them so the FDA could help, is â€Å"An abuse of power and lack of ethical leadership from our government, can only raise questions of the influence the device industry has within government†. When a device company is ready to submit a device for review, the process is called a 510k submission, these guidelines are set forth by the American Society Testing and Materials (2001) The FDA accepts all the implant device submissions in the order of submission and a delay of a few weeks can mean a loss of millions in sales. The first rendition of an implant that meets minimum FDA requirements is submitted as soon as possible for approval. Human trials are a part of each submission. While the data is examined by the FDA, the submitting company continues to make changes on the submitted product. These changes are allowed as long as they again, meet the minimum requirements. Is it ethical for companies to change a product they implanted in trials and not notify the patient? If minimum guidelines were met and because all implant devices carry the tag of â€Å"experimental† patients are not automatically notified of implant failures. The decision to submit a product for approval is purely profit driven and made by the company leaders. The Major customer of the Device Manufactures: Martha Lagace Glenn Reicin, (2003) discuss the medical device industry, where the customer is not the patient. In fact, the patient often has no idea and no choice of the manufacturer of the device their physician uses or the costs associated. The customers for the device companies are the hospital administrator, doctor, and/or nurse. Medical devices vary from inexpensive to costly, but there are questionable ethical dilemmas associated with both. At the low end, there are needles and syringes, known in the business as â€Å"sharps†. This is a $2.25 billion market with extremely low share volatility. The average selling price of a device (sharp) is twenty to forty cents. The customer is the hospital administrator. The secondary customer is the nurse. If some training is necessary to learn how to use the product, the device companies pay for the hospital training program. The products are stocked in hospital inventory, so there is no need for the sales representative to be present when the product is used, in contrast to orthopedic implants. Lagace Reicin, (2003) continue this discussion stating that one of the most expensive items is the orthopedic implant. They account for over $11 billion in sales, but less than six percent of this amount is spent on research and development. The customer is the orthopedic surgeon; the secondary customer is the surgical team. Hospitals do not keep inventory of orthopedic implants, since there is a left and a right of every product. The sales representative who essentially â€Å"lends† them to the hospital usually owns the instruments used to put in an implant. A companys sales support is involved in every implantation. Since the sales representative and the orthopedic surgeon must be in communication about the products, are all conversations limited to the medical needs of the patient? Industry Leadership In describing transformational leadership, Steven Covey (1990) uses words such as developer, mentor, value clarifier, and exemplar. These leaders cultivate collaborative relationships based on mutual interests (win-win). Because Covey believes transformational leadership builds on the human need for meaning, he also uses words like purpose, values, love, morals, ethics, mission, and principles to further clarify this type of leadership. Finally, Covey says that becoming a transformational leader requires vision, initiative, patience, respect, persistence, courage, and faith. Traits needed to guide the medical device industry. Keshavan Nair (1994) points out that there is a need for moral leaders in all areas of the culture; there is a widely held view that leaders, especially those in business and politics, have lost their moral purpose and sense of idealism. Wilhelm Roepke (1995) makes the case that the most pressing need in society today is the need for moral leadership. Paul King (1997) adds that although many hope for moral leadership, unfortunately, there are too many examples of leaders who appear to pursue objectives that are not moral. Conclusion During the past decade, there has been a gradual erosion of the ethical principles that guide relationships between physicians and industry leaders. Two areas in which the decline has been most notable are gifts to physicians and the relationships of industry to educational and research activities. The gifts have become more valuable and industry representatives make gifts available under circumstances where frequently there is no educational program. Research support continues at a high level but researchers increasingly find themselves in positions that present conflicts of interest with the interests of patients who are research subjects. These changes have taken place during an era in which professionalism also has declined and physicians are losing control of their practices to government and to the corporate sector. Physicians and industry suggest a solution to this dilemma through strict adherence to the existing ethical principles. Physicians must renew observance of professionalism and improve oversight and discipline. Medicine cannot impose restrictions on the implant manufacturing industries but can appeal to industrys leadership. Industry leaders must also govern marketing and sales representatives of industry. There must be an ethical common ground if a new physician and industry relationship is to succeed in producing a climate of mutual respect and higher ethics; patients will benefit and physicians and industry will regain the public trust. In response to ethics violations, policy makers and politicians have crafted new laws and regulations. While some changes in regulations are appropriate and necessary, they do not address the core issues. It is impossible to legislate integrity, stewardship, and sound governance. New laws and regulations, alone will not correct the multiplicity of problems. Somewhere along the way have companies lost sight of the importance of selecting ethical leaders that create healthy corporations for the long-term? Were the lessons of building great companies like Medtronic, Zimmer, Johnson Johnson, and PG lost in the rush for raising stock prices short-term? Were those fortunate enough to lead great companies only the stewards of inherited legacies from past leaders? If companies continue to use an aggressive sales force to market their product, without paying attention to the ethical consequences, ethical problems will continue to rise to the surface. Should the sales force of the medical implants industry be held to a higher standard than a sales force of other industries? Are the sales force marketing a product or marketing something that could profusely affect humans? The lessons are evident. If we select people principally for their charisma and their ability to drive up their short-term stock price instead of their character, and shower them with inordinate rewards, why should we be surprised when they turn out to lack integrity? An ethical and moral person leads by example and by voicing opinions. It means not being afraid to take a stand on questions of ethics or morality, on questions of behavior, or questions of decency. Bibliography AdvaMed (2001). Code of Ethics in the device industry. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Forum (2004). Physician Review of the most Promising Products for 2005. Aronoff Associates (2002). Biomaterial supply for permanent medical implants. 16, 124-140. American Society for Testing and Materials. (2001). committee F-04 Standards and Guidelines for 510k submission. Bell, Stacy (1998). Higher Profit Margins, Do Ethics Programs Pay? Medical Device Diagnostic Industry Magazine. 5, 177-186. Benkeser, Paul. (2005). Challenges and Opportunities in Ethics in Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Today, 27, 1-8 Brennan, MG. and M.A. Tooley. (2000). Ethics and the Biomedical Engineer Engineering Science Journal. 9, 5-7. Briskin, A. (1996). The stirring of the soul in the workplace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Caudron, Shari. (2002). Where have all the Leaders Gone? Workforce Management. Covey, S.R. (1990). Principle–Centered Leadership. New York: Simon Schuster. Ciarkowski, Arthur, PhD. (2002). What Information Can/Should the Federal Government Provide? Industry News, 42, 7-12. Epps, Charles, MD. (2003). Ethical Guidelines for Orthopaedists and Industry. Clinical Orthopaedics Journal. 217, 33-37. Food and Drug Administration (2002). Guidelines for 510k submission. Gaudiani, C.L. (1997). Catalyzing community. Educational Record, 78 (3-4), 81-86. Holgram, Raymond. (2002). Is the FDA for Sale? Harvard Business Journal. King, P.M. (1997). Character and civic education: What does it take? Educational Record, 78 (3-4), 87-93 Lagace, Martha Reicin, Glenn. (2003). Ethics and Medical Devices. Harvard Business School. Lenzer, J. (2004) FDA accused of being to close to the device industry. Biomechanics Journal. 417, 22-25 Lim, Edward, MD. (1999). The Orthopedic Surgeon and the Manufacturing Industry Relationship. Clinical Orthopedics Journal. 301, 4-10 Lussier, Robert N., and Achua, Christopher F. (2004) Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development, 2nd edition (2004). Cincinnati, Ohio. Southwestern College Publishing. P 130 Farahmand, Robert. (2004). Good ethics is good business. Medical Device Link, 8, 17-19. Medical Leadership Forum (2002). Stanford University. Nair, K. (1994). A higher standard of leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Ropke, W.J. (1995). Morality as a yardstick of educational leadership. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 50(2), 71-76 Rosenberg, Daniel (2005). As Investments, Medical Devices Pose Challenges. Harvard Business Review. Sanders, Arthur B., MD, Keim Samuel M., MD, Sklar David, MD. (1996). Gifts to Physicians from the Biomedical Industry. Orthopaedic Medical Journal. 279, 9-12 Research Papers on Ethics and Leadership in the Medical Device Industry - Ethics EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

The eNotes Blog Shakespeares 400th Commemoration ContestWINNERS!

Shakespeares 400th Commemoration ContestWINNERS! We asked you why you think William Shakespeare is still relevant, even 400 years after his death, and we are excited to share the winners below! Runners-up will receive 50 credits (to use on academic QA, essay review, and live tutoring)  and the grand prize winner will receive $400 cash, a 1-year subscription, and 100 credits. We were so excited to hear of the many ways the Bard still inspires you, and even came to some fresh appreciations based on all the various  answers- and answerers that- submitted. Dont miss out on another contest: Follow us on Facebook and Twitter, and/or sign up for an account, to get notified of all the giveaways, contests, and more! Five Runners-up 1. From user user3184928: It was plain old curiosity that drew me to William Shakespeare’s works. Whenever someone quoted or talked about him, I used to think, â€Å"What the heck are they talking about? At the time I was unaware of the true extent of the playwright’s talent. Shakespeare is still relevant today because he has succeeded as a truly remarkable and prolific writer and playwright. He has managed to ensnare the engagement of every generation by imbuing highly entertaining values of comedy, drama and tragedy in the lives of complex characters. Thus, when combined with a never-before-used style of writing, a star was born. Shakespeare’s plays portray stories which are filled to the brim with feelings, emotions, questions and opinions. Surely, these have the power to touch every soul that has read or seen his work, just as they have mine. For example, there is a sinking sensation which strikes me because sometimes what I want to do or what I want to be is something which my family will find difficult, if not impossible to accept. This just like the hopelessness that Romeo and Juliet feel when they learn of each others’ identities and know that their families are enemies. In addition, in Romeo and Juliet, a number of characters who die place their blame upon fate and other characters. It is, after all, easier to do that rather than sit down and contemplate where the true blame lies (almost always on themselves). This sits true with me because I used to blame other people and other things for whatever went wrong. I am happy to say that I am working on it. Through his plays, I have learnt not to let emotions get the best of me and to keep a cool head, unlike Macbeth, whose greed leads him to violence and destruction. Also, I believe it is better to invest time and energy in realistic thoughts and ideas instead of in self-fulfilling prophecies. Shakespeare portrays so many different kinds of men: it is truly a wonder Shakespeare was able to keep track of them. If the multitude and versatility of his works are not astounding then I don’t know what is. He does not even leave supernatural elements out in the rain. The use of universal themes and abstract ideas and concepts always brings the promise of discovering something new, like a connection newly made between characters and/or events even if it is the fourth or fifth read. I could spend so much time just thinking about every belief, thought or opinion that is challenged or provoked, and to quote and explain everything would take a lot of time. It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves. 2. From user rubydunn2001: William Shakespeare is still relevant today as a historical figure, as he shows how anybody, whatever humble beginnings they start out from, can achieve greatness and influence the lives of others in the years, decades, and even centuries to come. William Shakespeares works are still relevant today because, aside from the sometimes difficult language, they are full of human foibles, fripperies, funny ways, and fancy aspirations. Not only do Shakespeares works continue to entertain audiences today with their rollicking tales, quick action, dramatic fights, and slapstick euphemisms, but for each play there is a moral, some clearer than others. In Othello, we find that jealousy and insecurity can lead even the most noble to terrible acts, in Romeo and Juliet we see that passion may not always be the best game, in The Taming Of The Shrew  we are taught that every successful marriage consists of compromise and equality. Below the surface of each plays antics and clear points, there are a myriad of different interpretations- is Hamlet a story arguing for action or inaction? Does The Taming Of The Shrew speak for submission in marriage, rather than equality? Is Othello a racist play, or not? And below each of these many interpretat ions there is always the personal tale that every person gains from the plays of Shakespeare- the line that strikes someone, the speech that they write and stick by their desk to encourage them, the moment that makes them realise who they really care about, or what they want to do. Even Shakespeares language, his Elizabethan tongue, contributes to the audiences enjoyment, and it is every directors pleasure to decide which lines are spoken amidst the conversations onstage, and which to the audience, or which as soliloquies. It is in these lines and speeches that each actor, each reader, each listener or audience member, can impress upon the tale their own view, in a way that more modern literature, film and television does not allow, so that each person who encounters a line in Shakespeare will find a different meaning. Though the language can be hard to comprehend, and though I do not advocate shoving it down peoples throats when they do not understand it, and though I do not believ e that modern translations of Shakespeare are not really Shakespeare, I do believe that the language he uses, however incidental or deliberate, is so written that any view can be impressed upon it, and so provide a never-ending stream of different stories to be told. I believe that Shakespeare is still relevant today because his work shows a progression of different views, all which can be manipulated to show further or deeper views; his words can be so personal to each reader, and because he was just a lower-middle-class kid from Stratford-Upon-Avon. 3. From user ekmosca3: Shakespeare amazingly still demands a viable presence in our lives 400 years later. As I teach  Romeo and Juliet in my classroom today, I constantly find myself asking my students  how they can relate. They are astonished when they find themselves talking about how the themes play into their lives. Peer Pressure Being an adolescent is awkward in many ways. One of those ways is the battle between being true to yourself and your family values. Romeo battles his family by loving a Capulet, Juliet by loving a Montague, but they defy the risk and love each other anyway. The stress in doing this is mirrored and often shared by classmates. Intense Love Loving each other so much that they want to kill themselves and ultimately are successful in doing so? Sadly I hear this mimicked in students love cries today. That desperation and heartache is validated by this story. A vigorous and vivid display of love is seen from beginning to end, even through platonic relationships, as with Mercutio and Romeo. Many types of love- healthy, unhealthy, happy, lustful, and intense- are all explored as my students explore them themselves. Masculinity vs. Femininity Juliet defies the damsel role by giving Romeo attitude, and blatantly ignoring his wishes. Romeo is a peacemaker who is naive and whiny. They both embody and challenge gender roles, something students often struggle with. The list goes on and on, but awe is inspired through the sheer fact that a 400-year-old dead white man could write literature that resounds through the ages, and with the hope that we may do so ourselves. 4. From user jadescotford: Not only are the plays of Shakespeare still relevant today, I believe that they will always be relevant because Shakespeare’s themes, ideas, and characters are universal. The beauty of Shakespeare’s work is that it revolves around concepts that are at the core of existing as a human being. The language of Renaissance England can act as a barrier to modern students who may find Shakespeare’s plays inaccessible, but with proper teaching this can be overcome. Once one has an understanding of Shakespeare’s language it can be surprising to many how relatable his work can be. Othello is a prime example of the pain and rage people can feel when they believe someone they love has cheated on them (though most people do not go to the extreme of murdering their unfaithful spouse). Macbeth tells the story of overreaching ambition and its terrifying consequences, King Lear deals with the encroaching specter of age and the fear that our children will not remain loyal to us once we grow old, Romeo and Juliet is about the blossoming of love, and Hamlet explores how we experience family tragedy and the debilitating effects of grief and depression on the psyche. I could go on, but the point is, broken down to its essential elements, every Shakespeare play explores an element of human nature that is relatable and enlightening to his readers. Such themes were relevant in the Renaissance, they are relevant today, and they will always be relevant because they are at the core of what makes us human beings. 5. From user user8528858: I use two film versions of Romeo and Juliet, the 1968 Zefferelli version that takes a very classic Shakespearean approach, and the 1994 Baz Luhrmann version that presents the story in a contemporary urban setting with the Montague and Capulets as warring street gangs. The latter uses rap and rock and roll for it soundtrack. Students generally react poorly to the Zefferelli production, which I show first, and very positively to the Luhrmann version. My observation is that Shakespeare remains relevant to todays students because his universal themes are as formidable today as they were when he wrote his plays. Seeing students react so positively to the near-contemporary Luhrmann film, which uses fast-paced film editing, highly saturated colors, and the aforementioned music to break through the barrier of Shakespeares classic language, which is used by Luhrmann, I can see that students can relate to the story and the themes that resonate because the pressures many of them face are a big part of the Romeo and Juliet narrative. Grand Prize Winner! We are excited to announce D. Gittinger  as our grand prize winner! The passion and respect for the Bard is evident especially as the entrant  is not a literature/English teacher, but a math teacher, who still imbibes his  life and classroom lessons with Shakespearean material.  Gittinger wrote up and shared and extremely unique activity blending  Shakespeare, math, and humor in one. To top it all off, he  wrote a lovely sonnet for  his  wife- all of which can be found in his answer below. From user dgitting: Because Shakespeare is fun!  He is clever and relevant even today because he addresses the human condition in all its glory and ignominy. He makes us think and helps us to understand. Not only do I emulate him by writing sonnets for my wife- see an example at the end- but I have collected many of his insults and written a few of my own. I compiled them and asked my students and colleagues if they could identify which insults are real and which were made up by yours truly. It was a crowning achievement when my high school English teacher thought that one of MY insults was actually the Bards! When he read Thou wast not born like mortal man, But rather hatched, like an evil plot, he said that it was from Macbeth! Since I teach math, not English, I decided to do something mathematical: in the table below, all the prime numbers up to 107 identify where I put my made-up insults. Hence, the fake insults are numbered 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107.   After 107, I ran out of my own insults. Heres what I send out: Put â€Å"T† if you think each insult below is a true Shakespearean insult and â€Å"F† if you think it’s a fake. For a lot of extra credit, name the play from which each real insult was taken. For a little extra credit, find the first occurrence of iambic pentameter in this missive. For a modicum of extra credit, name the author of the fake insults. For no credit, use the Internet to get a lot of extra credit. Hint: there are exactly 28 fakes. And, of course, 28 is a perfect number because 28 is the sum of its proper divisors: 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28. Answers available upon request; just send me the 28 numbers corresponding to the insults that you think are fake. Suggestions for improvement are welcome. 1.  The complaints I have heard of you I do not all believe; ‘tis my slowness that I do not; for I know you lack not folly to commit them and have ability enough to make such knaveries yours. 2.  Dost thou enjoin my gaze upon thy face, And command me listen to thy witless speech? Better to pluck mine eyes and stuff them in mine ears. 3.  Surely thou canst walk upon the waters, For even the sea would not embrace thee whole. 4.  You should be women, And yet your beards forbid me to interpret That you are so. 5.  Thy countenance doth make men praise the gods For giving them swift legs to take their leave. 6.  If thou be’st not an ass, I am a youth of fourteen. 7.  The maggots in thy hair rejoice that they are blind and short-lived 8.  Thou wert best set thy lower part where thy nose stands. 9.  You are not worth another word, else I’d call you knave. 10.  Nothing in his life Became him like the leaving of it. 11.  Flowers die in thy shadow and wilt where thou hast trod. 12.  To say nothing, to do nothing, to know nothing, and to Have nothing, is to be a great part of your title, which is Within a very little of nothing. 13.  Thy lack of grace is matchd by lack of wit 14.  Till I have no wife I have nothing. 15.  He’s a most notable coward, an infinite and endless liar, An hourly promise-breaker, the owner of no one good quality. 16.  Is it possible he should know what he is, and be that he is? 17.  No flesh so vile hath eer been sired by man: Methinks thy dam were consort to the devil 18.  He will lie, sir, such volubility that you would think truth were a fool. 19.  That he is not thou is the devils redemption. 20.  In his sleep he does little harm, save to his bedclothes about him. 21.  He hath out-villain’d villainy so far that the rarity redeems him. 22.  I saw the man today, if man he be. 23.  Death is Gods gift to rid the earth of thee. 24.  Pray you stand farther from me. 25.  Thou art so leaky that we must leave thee to thy sinking. 26.  The dullness of the fool is the whetstone of the wits. 27.  It is a deadly sorrow to behold a foul knave uncuckolded. 28.  What shall I call thee when thou art a man? 29.  Thou wast not born like mortal man, But rather hatched, like an evil plot. 30.  His brain is as dry as the remainder biscuit after a voyage. 31.  At birth thy sorry wit took leave of thee As excrement from a hanged knave. 32.  Let’s meet as little as we can. 33.  I do desire we may be better strangers. 34.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœTis a fault I will not change for your best virtue. 35.  By my troth, I was seeking a fool when I found you. 36.  [You are] falser than vows made in wine. 37.  Thou hast naught to say, And even that, say poorly 38.  You lisp and wear strange suits. 39.  Let her never nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool. 40.  There’s many a man hath more hair than wit. 41.  You wager my esteem for you be slight? You overshoot the mark: tis naught at all. 42.  I will kill thee a hundred and fifty ways. Therefore tremble and depart. 43.  I kiss my direst enemy lest my spit die upon thy face. 44.  Here comes a pair of very strange beasts, which in all tongues are called fools. 45.  If thou art changed to aught, ‘tis to an ass. 46.  She’s the kitchen wench, and all grease, and I know not what use to put her but to make a lamp of her, and run from her by her own light. 47.  Better to pluck my heart from my breast And bury it in a dunghill Than suffer it to beat in thy foul presence 48.  Thou are sensible in nothing but blows, and so is an ass. 49.  Your abilities are too infant-like for doing much alone. 50.  [You are] one that converses more with the buttock of the night than with the forehead of the morning. 51.  I find the ass in compound with the major part of your syllables. 52.  More of your conversation would infect my brain. 53.  Had I one word for thee, twould be begone. 54.  He’s a disease that must be cut away. 55.  The tartness of his face sours ripe grapes. 56.  He is a thing too bad for bad report. 57.  Her beauty and her brain go not together. 58.  It is fit I should commit offence to my inferiors. 59.  Thy life abuseth reason. 60.  That such a crafty devil as his mother should yield the world this ass! 61.  For thy trifling wit to grasp, My speech must needs be slow, my words, short: I love thee not, nor have, nor will. 62.  Men’s vows are women’s traitors! 63.  Thy words I grant are bigger; for I wear not my dagger in my mouth. 64.  . . .not Hercules could have knock’d out his brains, for he had none. 65.  One may smile, and smile, and be a villain. 66.  God hath given you one face and you make yourselves another. 67.  A thousand births thy mother would endure To rid her womb of devils scurvy seed. 68.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœTis a vice to know him. 69.  O, if men were to be saved by merit, what hole in hell Were hot enough for [you]? 70.  There’s neither honesty, manhood, nor good fellowship in thee. 71.  Who would claim a child as thee? Thou art th abandoned son of infamy and shame. 72.  There’s no more faith in thee than in a stewed prune. 73.  Thou art barely a man, with little substance and no wit. Surely the briefest breeze doth topple thee. 74.  I am whipp’d and scourg’d with rods, Nettled, and stung with pismires, when I hear Of this vile politician. 75.  You tread upon my patience. 76.  How now, wool-sack, what mutter you? 77.  Thou are essentially a natural coward without instinct. 78.  Do thou amend thy face, and I’ll amend my life. 79.  Thou dost not bathe, yet thou art clean. Tis no surprise. Even dirt and stench flee thy foul company. 80.  You are as a candle, the better part burnt out. 81.  [You] fortify in paper and in figures, Using the names of men instead of men. What a disgrace is it to me to remember thy name! 82.  Is it not strange that desire should so many years outlive performance? 83.  Thy wit escapd thy noddle, Ere thy mothers womb evictd thee. 84.  It was more of his courtesy than your deserving. 85.  I, in my condition, shall speak better of you than you deserve. 86.  I would you had but the wit. 87.  Thy life did manifest thou lov’dst me not, And thou wilt have me die assur’d of it. 88.  Thou hid’st a thousand daggers in thy thoughts, Which thou hast whetted on thy stony heart, To stab at half an hour of my life. 89.  A words a word too many to tell The difference ’twixt thee and a beast. 90.  [You are] a ruffian that will swear, drink, dance, Revel the night, rob, murder, and commit The oldest sins the newest kind of ways. 91.  What wind blew you hither? 92.  Reply not to me with a fool-born jest. 93.  Your horse would trot as well were some of your brags dismounted. 94.  His jest will savour but of shallow wit When thousands weep more than did laugh at it. 95.  [He] saw a flea stick upon your [nose], and said it was a black soul burning in hell. 96.  Three such antics do not amount to a man. 97.  Tis the suns shame to guide thy path. 98.  He hath a killing tongue and a quiet sword; by the means whereof he breaks words, and keeps whole weapons. 99.  His few bad words are matched with as few good deeds. 100.  He never broke any man’s head but his own, and that was against a post when he was drunk. 101.  I gladly trade the richest place on earth And make abode on Luna’s darkest side To be farthest from thy rotten face. 102.  He is not the man that he would gladly make show to the world he is. 103.  If thou art a man, I write not this sentence. 104.  I should be angry with you if the time were convenient. 105. I did never know so full a voice issue from so empty a heart: but the saying is true, â€Å"The empty vessel makes the greatest sound.† 106.  [You] do offend our sight. 107.  Thou offendest offence itself. 108.  [Your] face is not worth sunburning. 109.  Your face is as a book, where men May read strange matters. 110.  [Your] horrid image doth unfix my hair. 111.  Be not lost so poorly in your thoughts. 112.  Confusion now hath made his masterpiece! 113.  [Your] sole name blisters our tongues. 114.  Fit to govern? No, not to live. 115.  I would not have such a heart in my bosom, for the dignity of the whole body. 116.  Now does he feel his title hang loose about him, like a giant’s robe upon a dwarfish thief. 117.  All that is within him does condemn itself for being there. 118.  [This] is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing 119.  You scullion! You rampallian! You fustilarian! Ill tickle your catastrophe! 120.  That trunk of humours, that bolting-hutch of beastliness, that swollen parcel of dropsies, that huge bombard of sack, that stuffed cloak-bag of guts, that roasted Manningtree ox with pudding in his belly, that reverend vice, that grey Iniquity, that father ruffian, that vanity in years? 121.  You starvelling, you eel-skin, you dried neats-tongue, you bulls-pizzle, you stock-fish- O for breath to utter what is like thee!- you tailors-yard, you sheath, you bow-case, you vile standing tuck! 122.  Peace, ye fat guts! 123.  Go, prick thy face, and over-red thy fear, Thou lily-liverd boy. 124.  Your virginity breeds mites, much like a cheese. 125.  Marry, sir, shes the kitchen wench and all grease; and I know not what use to put her to but to make a lamp of her and run from her by her own light. I warrant, her rags and the tallow in them will burn a Poland winter: if she lives till doomsday, shell burn a week longer than the whole world. Heres one of my sonnets: All Aboard by D. Gittinger Within our crystal ball we can’t quite see, As wave-by-wave, our journey is revealed. We set our sails without a guarantee, And know not when, or how, our fate is sealed. A ship lies safe when not too far from shore, In waters still, where ill winds seldom go. But ships are sound and pine for so much more, for oceans deep, where swifter breezes blow. Upon the seas, at last our craft sets sail. And spirits us beyond familiar sands. As one, we parry storms, the winds, and hail To taste the magic air in distant lands. At journey’s end, our grail lies not in wait, But sails with us- the sailing is our fate. Let us sail on together. All of us really are brothers and sisters. Thank you to everyone who entered and best of luck on our next prize-winning opportunity!

Child Car Seats and Seat Belt Regulations in Canada

Child Car Seats and Seat Belt Regulations in Canada Babies and children are uniquely  vulnerable to injury during automobile accidents, and surveys show that many are not properly restrained in car seats or other devices. The Canadian government mandates many protections for children, including the use of only those car seats featuring the Canadian National Safety Mark. The government also recommends other safety precautions and offers educational car seat clinics nationwide. Canada's Child Restraint Requirements The Canadian government offers specific guidance on choosing and using child restraints, including car seats, booster seats, and seat belts. Transport Canada gives instructions for using car seats, as well as provides car seat clinics that parents can attend to learn more about how to choose and use child safety restraints.   Can I Buy a Car Seat from the United States or Another Foreign Country? It is illegal to import and use a car seat or booster seat that does not comply with Canadian safety standards. Because Canada has stricter safety requirements than the United States and many other countries, parents who use non-Canadian car seats often are violating the law and can be fined. How toKnow If Your Car Seat Is Legal in Canada Like many countries, Canada has its own unique laws governing car seats and other safety restraints for children.  Child car seats must meet Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.  To ensure that your car seat meets those standards, look for the Canadian  National Safety Mark, which features a maple leaf and the word Transport. The government prohibits the purchase of car seats from other countries, which have different safety standards. Other SafetyIssues to Be Aware Of In addition to the general installation and use guidance provided by Transport Canada, the agency also  cautions against letting infants sleep in car seats or otherwise leaving them alone in their seats. The agency also warns against using car seats past their expiration dates and recommends registering new safety devices so consumers can receive notice of recalls.

Workplace Violence from an organizational perspective Coursework

Workplace Violence from an organizational perspective - Coursework Example During the incident, the admission clerk who was threatened by the three men alerted the security force, and other members of the organization. The police who were present at the time swung into action and managed to apprehend the offenders. The incident left many of the organization’s staff members traumatized, the admission clerk getting affected to the point of leaving work. The affected staff were offered emotional counseling to help them overcome emotional trauma. The federal government has no specific requirements to protect workers from violence in the organization. However, there are a number of organizations that have come up with standards to prevent violence in the workplace, assigning responsibility for safety in the workplace. The US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for example has established guidelines and made recommendations aimed at reducing workers’ exposure to violence. The organization has however not institut ed any rules in this respect. Each state has the capacity to enact legislations relating to workplace safety. Currently, 16 states have enacted legislations that demand the establishment of workplace violence prevention programs, the study of violence in the workplace, incident reporting and tougher penalties for offenders. The Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act (WISHA) demands the reasonable protection of employees from violence and that incidences of violence be reported to the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries. The healthcare facility being accredited by the Joint Commission needs to comply with the commission’s standards and therefore manage safety risks. According to the Environment of Care Standard 1.10, the organization should have a written safety plan that complies with OSHA recommendations, calling for staff commitment to safety. Management needs to monitor the organization taking not signs of violence for granted. Compromising on workplac e safety and security may have serious legal implications on both employers and workers. Management styles employed in running the organization should be constructive and strategies that are aimed at boosting safety and security should be implemented. The worksite should also be analyzed for potential and real hazards and workers trained on safety and health. Furthermore, the organization’s culture should be one that is intolerant to violence as demonstrated by its vision and mission. Management also needs to utilize tested models in resolving conflicts, complete a threat assessment and keep records that relate to threats and violence in the organization. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach should be taken in ensuring that the entire workforce understands the organization’s â€Å"no violence† policy. Registered Nurses (RN) need to promptly asses every employee’s safety needs and assist them accordingly while at the same time seeking to ensure that p atients live in a safe environment. Indeed, all employees wish to work in a safe and secure environment. However, workplace violence impacts the healthcare industry negatively, especially with respect to the recruitment and retention of staff. Violence lowers workers’ morale and could cause physical pain and emotional trauma. Emotional trauma is commonly associated with poor work performance, absenteeism and high employee turnover. In order to establish such an environment, both management and employees should take a proactive role to establish a positive culture – one that prioritizes safety and good health. Management should asses risks and respond to safety needs appropriately, training employees on the subject in case of need. Workers on the other hand should be committed to providing

Topic Paper # 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Topic Paper # 1 - Essay Example A Cochlear Implant is an electronic device which is implanted in the cochlea of the ear and is connected to a microphone on the outside through a speech processor and a transmitter. It works by converting sound vibrations into electrical stimuli, which provides a sensation of sound. Cochlear Implants are primarily recommended for those with a severe to profound hearing disorder. Among children and infants, a Cochlear Implant can help develop speech and communication skills. However, due to the long period of therapy required, its candidacy has to be determined on an individual basis and there is disagreement over its suitability for autistic children. Most cases of hearing impairment are due to loss of hair cell receptors in the inner ear, which limits the cochlea’s ability to transduce sound information from the environment to neural transmissions that can be interpreted by the central nervous system as auditory sensations (Copeland & Pillsbury, 2004). Since in such cases the nervous elements that transmit information from the cochlea to the brain remain intact, a Cochlear Implant is a viable option. The actual surgery to implant a cochlear implant is performed on an outpatient basis and requires about two to three hours of general anesthesia. However, once the prosthesis is implanted in the cochlea, there is an extensive process requiring aural habilitation with inputs from experienced audiologists and speech and language experts. Also, since the entire circuitry remains permanently attached to the patients, patients are required to take a number of precautions to avoid damage to the delicate device. The FDA-approved minimum age of implantation is one year. It is difficult to implant the device in younger children due to difficulty in properly testing the hearing in such young patients. Another concern is with patients suffering from multiple

Common Scientific MythConceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Common Scientific MythConceptions - Essay Example The gravitational forces attract the said particles with lower gravitational forces than that of the black hole. Black holes are compressed objects more dense than the particles that come into contact with it that gives them a stronger gravitational pull. Black holes create deep wells in space such that it causes distortions and curves that trap elements with no enough energy to climb back out including light. The name originated from its nature and ability to trap light rays (Orwig, n.p). A black hole only accretes material with little angular momentum. The accretion disks around the black holes make the matter close to them and with low gravitational spiral pull. The spiral effect makes the atmosphere very hot and can slow the progress or alter the cooling effect of the stars (Cornell.edu, n.p). The stronger gravitational pull attracts lesser dense particles to its surface subsequently increasing its radius and reduces the black hole’s gravitational pull (Spekkens, n.p). Cornell.edu. "Is There Any Limitation to What a Black Hole Can "suck" In? (Intermediate)† Ask an Astronomer. Astronomy Department at Cornell University, 2015. Web. 18 June 2015. . Hamilton, Kristy. "52 Of the Most Common Myths and Misconceptions Debunked in One Infographic." IFLScience. IFL Science, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 18 June 2015. . Orwig, Jessica. "10 Mind-Blowing Facts about Black Holes." Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc., 19 Oct. 2014. Web. 18 June 2015. . Spekkens, Kristine. "Why Doesnt Dark Matter Fall into a Black Hole? (Advanced)." Ask an Astronomer. Astronomy Department at Cornell University, 2015. Web. 18 June 2015.

Gothic old novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gothic old novel - Essay Example â€Å"Why is this path so old? It seems to have not been used in a long time, â€Å"I wondered. The way was getting smaller as I move. Some cold liquid fell on my half covered back. I said a short prayer to God to save my life. The rain had finally started, and here I was in the middle of nowhere alone. â€Å"I have to move fast,† I thought. I had some noise before I could make a move. I felt cold and stood rooted to the ground with my eyes tightly closed. When silence returned, I got hold myself and run quickly to no destination. Finally, I came to an open compound that looked well kept and organized; the rain was now pouring heavily, lightning and thunder accompanied it. I thanked my God and felt relieved.† Hallo anyone home?† there was no answer. I moved to the door and turned the lock, it opened. It was dark inside; I took out my phone that had a torch. It was wet, what was I to do next? I slowly found my way to a seat in one of the corners of the room. I didn’t know when I fell asleep only to wake up to the sound of pots falling to the ground. There was light coming from a room just at the end of a passage it was too bright to be electricity. I moved there ensuring that I made no noise. There was no one in sight, everything well arranged, it was a kit chen. The cooker was on, and a huge pot of water was boiling. The door got shut at my back, I jump in fear, and the room had pots of fresh blood and heaps of stocked meat that was already going bad and smelly. I felt someone moving across the room yet I could not catch the sight of anyone. I ran to the door and found that it was locked, and the room was becoming brighter as time went, I could not think straight fear got the better part of me. There was noise coming from an inner room that had a dazzling light, it seems people were in there and argued about something. I had to save myself. Pans were flying out of the room and what scared me most were the different sizes of knives

Analyzing a Photograph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing a Photograph - Essay Example When the photo was taken, it was the day the Japanese surrendered to the Americans through signing a contract of agreement. Eisensteadt was then assigned in Manhattan and was taking pictures in the streets when he witnessed the phenomenal stolen kiss, which made him very famous. In his recollection, he claimed to have followed the Sailor as he saw the other kissing different women. The photo was published in Life Magazine where it appeared on the center of a page, among two other photos with other couples kissing. In the other photos, the couples intended to kiss, whereas in The V-J Day in Times Square, the subjects did not know each other, and they did not plan to kiss. Produced in 1945, the photo is still in black and white, thus showing the high contrast between the sailor’s blue uniform and the nurse’s white outfit. The high contrast makes the subjects easily identifiable, hence allowing the artist to achieve focus and emphasis. The subject of the photograph is what makes it extraordinary. At first glance, viewers will think that the kissing couple knows each other, and that they are kissing in front of the crowd to make a show. However, if viewers will find out the story behind the photograph, they will have more interest in it. Photos of kissing couples are quite common especially nowadays; but the thought of two persons kissing despite being totally strangers to each other is really surprising, not to mention that the photo was taken way back in 1945 when the people were a lot more conservative than today. When investigated, the sailor and the nurse were found to be unfamiliar with each other, and the sailor was said to have done the kissing out of his exhilaration in hearing the news about the withdrawal of Japanese from the war. Later investigations revealed that the sailor named Glen McDuffie kissed the nurse identified as Edith Shain because he knew that his brother who was captured by the Japanese will be set free (Goddard). The unfami liarity between the man and woman is established by their hand gestures. The man who is holding the woman with his left arm closes his fist instead of holding the woman’s face to show gentleness and intimacy. Likewise, the woman’s left arm, which is supposed to embrace the man around his neck, does the same unlikely gesture for intimate partners: it closes in a fist, hence reflecting unfamiliarity. As regards the response of the nurse, she claimed to have responded to the sailor’s kiss because she saw the happiness in him. In sum, the festive mood of the subject is the general feeling that Eisenstaedt has captured. In other pictures where couples are kissing, passion or love could be perceived. However, in Eisenstaedt’s photo, the expression of freedom to do what one desires to do is given emphasis instead. Emphasis is further achieved with the reactions of people around the subject. On the right side is a woman in her forties, looking and giggling at the sight of the kissing couple. On the left side is another sailor in his outfit, giving a good laugh at the subject. The reactions of the bystanders add to the emphasis in the photo. Such smiles draw the attention of the audience further to the couple in the middle of the picture, especially at what they are doing. Moreover, by laughing and giggling a

Metaphysics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Metaphysics - Assignment Example To them, everything that exists in the universe is religious, and every place is home. With the power of positive thinking, Metaphysicians believers floated in the universal space (Albanese, 185). They live in a mental world with fluid boundaries hence can float from place to place with no hindrance whatsoever. Metaphysicians are also referred to homestead of the mind by the author because one of its philosophies is creating a community amidst strangers (Albanese,203). They believe in religious combination. For example, in the 20th century when the children of the highway divorce court were looking for refuge, most found refuge in the communion experience provided by the divine mind through a divine spark. This mindset of peoplehood, metaphysical believes in seeking union with the universal being. According to their teachings, universalism has been a condition of living as well as a condition of mind. At some point, these believers formulated mental homestead to replace the physical community that they cannot find (Albanese 98). They have created a Metaphysical belief in a mental landscape, because, according to their doctrine, the real world exists in the mind or in the world. Metaphysician’s world was made concrete by ritual based on religion and magic. In conclusion, the author titled on Metaphysics as Homestead of the mind because, the region mainly focus on the functioning of the mind as a saving force. The mind to them comprise of everything. Both spiritualism (thoughts) and material (occult) powers are found in the mind. Thus, the mind has powers to do virtually

Analyzing a Photograph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing a Photograph - Essay Example When the photo was taken, it was the day the Japanese surrendered to the Americans through signing a contract of agreement. Eisensteadt was then assigned in Manhattan and was taking pictures in the streets when he witnessed the phenomenal stolen kiss, which made him very famous. In his recollection, he claimed to have followed the Sailor as he saw the other kissing different women. The photo was published in Life Magazine where it appeared on the center of a page, among two other photos with other couples kissing. In the other photos, the couples intended to kiss, whereas in The V-J Day in Times Square, the subjects did not know each other, and they did not plan to kiss. Produced in 1945, the photo is still in black and white, thus showing the high contrast between the sailor’s blue uniform and the nurse’s white outfit. The high contrast makes the subjects easily identifiable, hence allowing the artist to achieve focus and emphasis. The subject of the photograph is what makes it extraordinary. At first glance, viewers will think that the kissing couple knows each other, and that they are kissing in front of the crowd to make a show. However, if viewers will find out the story behind the photograph, they will have more interest in it. Photos of kissing couples are quite common especially nowadays; but the thought of two persons kissing despite being totally strangers to each other is really surprising, not to mention that the photo was taken way back in 1945 when the people were a lot more conservative than today. When investigated, the sailor and the nurse were found to be unfamiliar with each other, and the sailor was said to have done the kissing out of his exhilaration in hearing the news about the withdrawal of Japanese from the war. Later investigations revealed that the sailor named Glen McDuffie kissed the nurse identified as Edith Shain because he knew that his brother who was captured by the Japanese will be set free (Goddard). The unfami liarity between the man and woman is established by their hand gestures. The man who is holding the woman with his left arm closes his fist instead of holding the woman’s face to show gentleness and intimacy. Likewise, the woman’s left arm, which is supposed to embrace the man around his neck, does the same unlikely gesture for intimate partners: it closes in a fist, hence reflecting unfamiliarity. As regards the response of the nurse, she claimed to have responded to the sailor’s kiss because she saw the happiness in him. In sum, the festive mood of the subject is the general feeling that Eisenstaedt has captured. In other pictures where couples are kissing, passion or love could be perceived. However, in Eisenstaedt’s photo, the expression of freedom to do what one desires to do is given emphasis instead. Emphasis is further achieved with the reactions of people around the subject. On the right side is a woman in her forties, looking and giggling at the sight of the kissing couple. On the left side is another sailor in his outfit, giving a good laugh at the subject. The reactions of the bystanders add to the emphasis in the photo. Such smiles draw the attention of the audience further to the couple in the middle of the picture, especially at what they are doing. Moreover, by laughing and giggling a

Smoking Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smoking Marijuana - Essay Example Marijuana can be consumed either by smoking or oral administration. The drug can be smoked in the form of a simple paper wrapped joint or through different devices like bongs and chillums. The contents of Cannabis can also be vaporized, wherein a gas is produced without actually burning the drug. This method of consumption is considered less harmful than direct smoking as the vaporized gas contains lesser concentration of toxic substances. Studies conducted have revealed that subjects were "only 40% as likely to report respiratory symptoms as users who do not vaporize, even when age, sex, cigarette use, and amount of cannabis consumed are controlled" (Abrams et al 572). The alternate way is to consume marijuana orally in its dehydrated or heated form. Occasionally, it might be taken in combination with other drugs or with alcohol or tobacco. This coupling increases the toxicity and potency of marijuana. Studies have revealed that nearly four percent of the world's adult population (162 million) use cannabis annually and 0.6 percent (22.5 million) daily (UNODC). There has been a rampant increase in the use of marijuana ever since the 20th century. Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is not extensively used by teenagers. A study conducted by the National Institute of Drug Abuse proved that aforesaid fact. The results demonstrate that fewer than one in five high school going teenagers were marijuana users (NIDA) Marijuana- Brief History Marijuana has been used since ancient times. Its history dates back to the third millennium BC. Seeds of the plant Cannabis have been excavated from sites of several ancient civilizations. The drug was used commonly in ancient India and Nepal, where it was known as ganjika or ganja. It is mentioned in the Vedas as a sacred hallucinogenic, and was one of the five spiritual plants in Indian mythology (Rudgley 102). The Chinese used to cultivate cannabis to obtain hemp fibres and also for food. The use of Cannabis is also found among ancient Aryans, Assyrians, Scythians and Thracians. It is also believed that shamans burnt the leaves of the plant cannabis to induce a state of trance (Cunliffe 405). Besides these medicinal purposes, marijuana was also used for spiritual and religious practices. Scythians observed religious ceremonies where marijuana was consumed. The Scythians also used marijuana as offering in royal tombs. It was, in fact, the Scythians who introduced hemp into northern Europe around 500 BC. Historians also believe that it was used by ancient Jews, Christians and Muslims. Thus, through the course of history, marijuana has been used for multiple purposes. The long period from the third millennium BC to the present times has experienced the spread of marijuana around the globe. With the widespread popularity also came the discovery of its possible side effects. It was largely used by many musicians especially jazz artists, for they believed that smoking marijuana gave them transcendence and the inspiration to create music. Its use was glamorised and it was sold in the black market. As its abuse increased greatly, many countries were forced to declare it an illicit drug. Marijuana was made federally illegal in the United States America in 1937 by the Marihuana Tax Act. It was classified as a Schedule I drug, which implies that it was classified a

Business communication Essay Example for Free

Business communication Essay SNC-Lavalin is one of the largest engineering companies in Canada, and one of the largest all around the world, however, failed to effectually communicate and face communication problem. This analysis report contains communication problems and influences on company. Additional information related to causes and symptoms of communication problem. Likewise, communicate with stakeholder groups result in concerns, and SNC-Lavalin use different communication model to deal with each group. The main communication problem is bypassing and different frames of reference. In communication process, bypassing can result in miscommunication, because the CEO and employee do not have the same symbolic meanings and bring own biases in any communication. Due to the longer lines of communication between CEO and employee, the message could be distorted. This problem impact on company fund missing and mystery payment, also, SNC-Lavalin’s stock decline a lot. The reason of problem happens because lack trust, lack communication skills competition for status and rewards. It is easy to cause communication problem if no trust between communicationï ¼Å'through the long over time, the mistakes will become seriously and many mistakes are due to lack communication skills. Meanwhile, personal status and rewards will cause bypassing, lack organization concept, to the extent that different people pay more attention on their own profit rather than the common goal. SNC-Lavalin shows several symptoms due to communication problem. First, agents help company win a contract by paid bribes, but can’t follow the appropriate routines. Second, after $56 million dollars missing, Gwyn Morgan, the company chairman, denied that there is no responsibility for  superior officers, and resign suddenly after stated. Third, Cynthia Vanier help Muammar Gaddafi’s son smuggle and do illegal trading, as well as denied the charge. Employees and shareholders are the key stakeholder groups, however, different group has different concern. To specific, employees concern about their job and incomeï ¼Å'because it is close related to employees’ life quality. Meanwhile, shareholders concern about their profit, because it means stock rights will be influenced, in other word, shareholders profit could losing. SNC-Lavalin follows the communication models with each stakeholder group. As for communicate with employees; the first step is having idea. After organize idea, use encode like transfer language and write down or typewriting. After that, delivered by announcement or email. In order to overcome misunderstanding, improve the flow of message in company. Sign on the paper one by one after employees receive, if have problem mark it clearly. SNC-Lavalin have to give an effectively communication to shareholders. When idea formation by SNC-Lavalin, convert an idea into words that include meaning. It is necessary for general meeting of shareholders every year, in the meeting; shareholders understand the meaning stand for decodes the message successfully. Finally, ask question come up with feedback, and descriptive is the best choice. In conclusion, it is important for SNC-Lavalin communication effectively. This case analysis points out the main communication problem refer to SNC-Lavalin, at the same time, detail analysis about influence on company, moreover, discuss reason and manifestation about communication problem. After that, analyze the two key stakeholder groups, and each of them has different concern. Last but not least, SNC-Lavalin use communication model to deal the relationship with each stakeholder group.

Reputation in Beowulf Essay -- Anglo Saxon Literature

The famous poet James Russell Lowell once said, â€Å"Reputation is only a candle, of wavering and uncertain flame, and easily blown out, but it is the light by which the world looks for and finds merit† . Reality stresses the importance to be more concerned with personal character than self reputation, because character beholds who you really are, while your reputation is merely what others perceive. The epic of Beowulf, written in Old English, describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century. Having an outstanding reputation was an important aspect of life, and in the world of Beowulf it was no different. Having a good name is the same as immortality because the name will be placed in history and will be forever remembered. When introducing himself to the Danes, Beowulf was sure to mention his achievements such as the slaying of a tribe of giants and how he had driven away countless enemies from his homeland. In his eyes, personal reputation is the most valuable possession as he took what ever means necessary in order to build a handsome repituar. After Grendel’s mother seeks him out to exact revenge for the crime that she believes that he has committed against her, he sees this as an opportunity to further his reputation. The definition of justice in terms of Grendel’s mother is to seek out the one who is responsible for the death of her son and take his life as well. This is a justified reason for her to take revenge. Her only son was taken from her and the line is very thin between her and her son because they perceive events as though they were cursed. Being that t hey are descendants of Cain, the biblical son of Adam and Eve, the brother of Able who Cain believed was blessed by God kills Abl... ...atiently waits because she knows that the same person who slew her son would be coming after her as well. Beowulf’s pursuit of the mother is nothing more than another way to build his reputation because if he had slain Grendel and it got him such recognition, slaying both ogre’s would raise his reputation tremendously thus bringing him even closer to his name being secured on the cover of the history book. Him going after Grendel’s mother has nothing or very little to do with the fact that she is a woman, it however has everything to do with the fame he would get and the respect that would be associated with his name. In conclusion, for Beowulf, the most important thing is reputation and the immortality that goes along with having a reputable name. Having a good reputation ensured that long after you die the birth name will be an official heroic figure in history.

Mendin Wall Essay -- essays research papers

Walls Have Two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Robert Frost’s “Mending Wall,'; he shows a man views about a wall. The man names both pros and cons of having the wall. He also hints at how a wall might affect a particular society. The poem is a conversation between two neighbors on either side of a wall. The main speaker’s conversation shows his views about the purpose of the wall, and it’s effectiveness to either bring people together, or it’s tendency to separate them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main speaker’s conversation shows his feelings about the purpose of the wall. His monotonous feeling toward mending the wall shows his reluctance to having the wall. In his conversation he explains that there is no need for a wall because, “My apple trees will never get across and eat the cones under his pines'; (25). Since the speaker can find no reason for the wall he questions his neighbor on it’s purpose. And the other speaker can only answer with, “Good fences make good neighbors'; (27). With this answer the main speaker considers the fact that the wall must have no real purpose. Since the wall is not “walling'; anything in or “walling'; anything out (33).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though the speaker sees the wall as having no purpose, he does name at least one good thing about it. The thing that he views as being good about the wall is it’s Moo...

Osi Analogy Paper

OSI Model Analogy Trevor Crews Strayer University The OSI model is the model developed for computer-to-computer communications over a network. This model breaks down all the functions that occur into seven distinct layers. These layers are, application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and the physical layer. Each one encompasses a specific part of the process that occurs during the communication. In order to simplify this think of it like sending a package through the post office.It can be broken down into seven stages or layers for this example. We start with bringing an item or letter to the post office that is to be sent to a determined destination. This is essentially what happens in the application layer. This is the interface between the communication and the entire process as it is in how a computer works. Next the item is packaged and put into a box or envelope. This is similar to how the presentation layer functions. In this layer the communication is f ormatted, encrypted, and compressed; basically prepared for sending.Our package is then tagged with tracking information and tagging information that allows us to track it and verify if there are any other packages and if needed what order they go in. This is similar to the session layer. Next our package is put into a sorting device of some kind that sorts things based on size to see if it is able to be sent with other shipments or broken down to be sent different ways if it is to large. This is similar to the transport layer of the OSI model. The similarities go on over the next few layers as well.After packages are sorted they couriers inspect the packages and are given the specific routes they are to take in order to deliver the correct packages to the correct recipients. This represents the network layer in that the connections are established between the computers and the routing is also established. Next the packages are loaded onto the means of their transportation. This can include both truck and plane or whatever other method is needed to ensure delivery. This is how the data link layer works. The information is packaged generally in frames and sent via the proper transmission method via the designated route.The first of this process ends with the drivers getting into to their vehicles and driving towards the destinations with the packages. This is the physical layer in which the transmission takes place. After all this takes place it goes back through the same layers in the reverse order to ensure that everything that has happened was in the correct order and method. For example a package arrives at its destination, it’s then unloaded, inspected to make sure its intact and not damaged, signed for to verify the correct address and recipient, unpacked, and finally read.While the process as a whole can be overwhelmingly complex if it is broken down into layers as the OSI model does it can be viewed a little more simplistically and compared to mo dern day processes. Such as the post office as I have described. There are also many other similarities that if one looked they could make connections to. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). CIS 175: Network + Guide to Networks: 2010 Custom Edition (5th Edition). Boston: Cengage Learning.